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The article examines Peter Berger’s sociological concept of religion as presented in his book «The Sacred Canopy». It highlights the ideological traditions of Berger’s predecessors that formed the foundation of his work: Auguste Comte, Herbert Spencer, Max Weber, Karl Marx, Émile Durkheim, Alfred Schütz, and Thomas Luckmann. An analysis of the theoretical part of «The Sacred Canopy» reveals that humans depend on the society they have created and therefore develop laws and various mechanisms to preserve it. One such mechanism is religion, which sacralizes social reality, transforming it into an inevitable cosmos that demands human obedience. Failure to conform leaves individuals outside this «universe», plunging them into chaos. Additionally, through theodicy, different social strata justify the necessity of the existing social order. This justification is based on personal experience, environmental factors, and the transcendence of the individual. Without such meaning-making frameworks, self-alienation arises within the individual's consciousness, rendering society «dead» to perception. As a result, alienation either leads a person into an alternative world where he finds restoration or ultimately allows destructive chaos to enter his consciousness. In the historical section of «The Sacred Canopy», Berger reflects on the concept of secularization, interpreting it as a process of diminishing religious influence over society and culture. The roots of this trend can be traced back to Judaism and Protestantism, which, according to the author, «disenchanted» the world for practical purposes. Furthermore, rapid economic development and the separation of church and state contributed to this shift. Consequently, religion increasingly became a product of society.
The Sacred Canopy, Sociology of Religion, Berger, Phenomenology, Religion, Society, Anomie
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