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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Asia, America and Africa history and modernity</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Asia, America and Africa history and modernity</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Азия, Америка и Африка история и современность</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="online">2782-540X</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">6a9c168532807fdbab87668f</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="edn">MMJBDI</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Культурные исследования</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>Cultural studies</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Культурные исследования</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Sikkim's foreign trade in the 19th century and Russian foreign trade interests</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Внешняя торговля Сиккима в XIX веке и российские внешнеторговые интересы</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Шкунов</surname>
       <given-names>Владимир Николаевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Shkunov</surname>
       <given-names>Vladimir Nikolaevich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>orientru63@mail.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Самарский федеральный исследовательский центр Российской академии наук</institution>
     <city xml:lang="ru">Самара</city>
     <country country="RU" xml:lang="ru">Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Samara Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences.</institution>
     <city xml:lang="en">Samara</city>
     <country country="RU" xml:lang="en">Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-09-09T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>09</day>
    <month>09</month>
    <year>2026</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-09-09T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>09</day>
    <month>09</month>
    <year>2026</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>5</volume>
   <issue>3</issue>
   <fpage>6</fpage>
   <lpage>13</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-08-12T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>12</day>
     <month>08</month>
     <year>2026</year>
    </date>
    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-09-09T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>09</day>
     <month>09</month>
     <year>2026</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <permissions>
    <copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">© 2026 Шкунов В.Н. Все права защищены.</copyright-statement>
    <copyright-statement xml:lang="en">© 2026 Shkunov V.N. All rights reserved.</copyright-statement>
    <copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
    <copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шкунов Владимир Николаевич</copyright-holder>
    <copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shkunov Vladimir Nikolaevich</copyright-holder>
   </permissions>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://asiaetother-journal.ru/en/nauka/publications/6a9c168532807fdbab87668f/view">https://asiaetother-journal.ru/en/nauka/publications/6a9c168532807fdbab87668f/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Статья посвящена истории развития внешнеторговых связей Королевства Сикким на протяжении XIX века. Особое внимание уделено торговым связям страны с соседними государствами: Тибетом, Непалом, Бутаном, Бирмой, Ассамом и Бенгалией (в составе Британской Индии). Отмечены важнейшие торговые пути, каналы поставок товаров, предметы экспорта и импорта, особенности организации торговли, способы транспортировки товаров в условиях Гималаев и т.д. Представлен анализ наблюдений в Сиккиме русского художника В.В. Верещагина, совершившего путешествие в королевство вместе со своей супругой в 1875 г. Приведен перечень российских товаров, попадавших в Сикким транзитом из ханств Средней Азии, Синьцзяна, Кашмира, Ладакха, Афганистана и Тибета. В статье приведен перечень традиционных сиккимских товаров, которые вывозились из королевства в соседние государства. Проанализированы роль и значение буддистских монастырей Сиккима в развитии внешнеторговых отношений с зарубежными странами. Также приведены примеры деятельности британских колониальных властей по усилению своего влияния в Сиккиме, в том числе в рамках Сиккимской экспедиции 1888 г. Автором использованы специфические методы исследования, которые характерны для работ в сфере экономической истории: статистические, историко-сравнительный, анализа, синтеза и т.д. Методологический акцент в статье сделан на источниковедческой верификации, кросс‑культурной экстраполяции и качественном анализе сезонности, направлений и товарных ниш. Представленная статья и методологические подходы открывают перспективе пути для дальнейших сравнительных исследований трансграничной торговли в Гималаях и Центральной Азии в XIX веке. В статье использованы редкие дореволюционные источники на русском, английском, французском языках.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>The article is devoted to the history of the development of foreign trade relations of the Kingdom of Sikkim during the 19th century. Special attention is paid to the country's trade relations with neighboring countries: Tibet, Nepal, Bhutan, Burma, Assam and Bengal (as part of British India). The most important trade routes, channels of supply of goods, export and import items, features of trade organization, methods of transportation of goods in the conditions of the Himalayas, etc. are noted. The article presents an analysis of the observations in Sikkim of the Russian artist V.V. Vereshchagin, who traveled to the kingdom with his wife in 1875. The list of Russian goods that entered Sikkim in transit from the khanates of Central Asia, Xinjiang, Kashmir, Ladakh, Afghanistan and Tibet is given. The article contains a list of traditional Sikkim goods that were exported from the kingdom to neighboring countries. The role and importance of Buddhist monasteries of Sikkim in the development of foreign trade relations with foreign countries are analyzed. Examples of the activities of the British colonial authorities to strengthen their influence in Sikkim, including in the framework of the Sikkim expedition of 1888, are also given. The author uses specific research methods that are characteristic of works in the field of economic history.: statistical, historical-comparative, analysis, synthesis, etc. The methodological emphasis in the article is on source verification, cross‑cultural extrapolation and qualitative analysis of seasonality, trends and product niches. The presented article and methodological approaches open the way for further comparative studies of cross-border trade in the Himalayas and Central Asia in the 19th century. The article uses rare pre-revolutionary sources in Russian, English, and French.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>Сикким</kwd>
    <kwd>Российская империя</kwd>
    <kwd>внешняя торговля</kwd>
    <kwd>товары</kwd>
    <kwd>экспорт</kwd>
    <kwd>импорт</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>Sikkim</kwd>
    <kwd>Russian Empire</kwd>
    <kwd>foreign trade</kwd>
    <kwd>goods</kwd>
    <kwd>export</kwd>
    <kwd>import</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <body>
  <p></p>
 </body>
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